Oxygen Optional Carp

February 22, 2024

The long, cold winters of Scandinavia not only freeze the lakes, but pile so much snow on the lake ice that no light can penetrate to the cold, unfrozen water beneath. This means that the creatures below the ice can use up all the oxygen in the lake water.

How do the fish in the water survive?

Photo: Crucian Carp_by Viridflavus CC BY-